How to DOM Manipulation In Javascript?

In today’s digital environment, dynamic websites and online apps have become the standard, and JavaScript is essential to the development of such engaging user interfaces. One of JavaScript’s fundamental features is DOM manipulation, which enables programmers to dynamically update and change a webpage’s content and structure without having to reload the page. In order to provide you with the knowledge and abilities necessary to design dynamic and interesting online experiences, we will dig into the realm of DOM modification in this blog post. We will examine its basic ideas and offer real-world examples.

1. The Document Object Model (DOM)

The Document Object Model, or DOM for short, is a programming interface that displays an HTML or XML document’s structure as a tree-like structure. The DOM tree has nodes for each element in the document, including paragraphs, headers, and pictures. JavaScript gives us access to and control over these nodes, allowing us to dynamically modify the elements’ properties, style, and content.

2. Making use of DOM Elements

Knowing how to access the DOM’s elements is necessary before we can manipulate it. JavaScript offers a number of ways to access DOM elements, including:

getElementById, for example, returns an element by its distinctive ID.

b. getElementsByClassName: Returns a group of elements that belong to the given class.

Gets elements by their tag names, such as “div,” “p,” etc., using the getElementsByTagName command.

d. querySelector and querySelectorAll: Find elements by using selectors like those in CSS.

Example in HTML and Javascript

HTML Code

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
  <title>The DOM Manipulation</title>
</head>

<body>
  <div id="container">
    <h1>Hello, DOM Manipulation!</h1>
    <p>This is a sample</p>
  </div>
</body>

</html>
Code language: HTML, XML (xml)

Javascript Code

// Access the Elements by ID
const container = document.getElementById('container');

// Access the elements by tag name
const headings = document.getElementsByTagName('h1');

// Access the elements by class name
const paragraphs = document.getElementsByClassName('paragraph');

// Access the elements using querySelector
const firstParagraph = document.querySelector('p');
const totalParagraphs = document.querySelectorAll('p');

Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

3. DOM Element Modification

After gaining access to the desired DOM elements, JavaScript may be used to change their properties, styles, and content.

a. Modifying content: The textContent property can be used to modify an element’s text content.

b. Changing attributes: Methods like setAttribute and removeAttribute let us to add or remove characteristics from an element.

d. Styling elements: To apply CSS styles, we access the element’s inline styles using the style attribute.

Modifying DOM Elements as an example

HTML Code

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
  <title>DOM Manipulation!</title>
</head>

<body>
  <div id="container">
    <h1>HELLO, DOM Manipulation</h1>
    <p>This is Sample</p>
  </div>
</body>

</html>

Code language: HTML, XML (xml)

Javascript

// Modifying content
const mainHeading = document.querySelector('h1');
mainHeading.textContent = 'Welcome to DOM Manipulation!';

// Modifying styles
const mainDiv = document.getElementById('container');
mainDiv.style.backgroundColor = 'lightblue';
mainDiv.style.padding = '15px';

Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

4. Changes to DOM Events

Combining DOM modification with event handling increases its power. By responding to user activities like clicks, keystrokes, and form submissions, we are able to alter the DOM.

Using the addEventListener method and the appropriate function, we can tie an event handler to an element.

Example 

HTML Code

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
  <title>DOM Manipulation</title>
</head>

<body>
  <div id="container">
    <h1>Hello, DOM Manipulation!</h1>
    <p>This is a Sample</p>
  </div>
</body>

</html>

Code language: HTML, XML (xml)

Javascript Code

const paragraphElement = document.querySelector('p');

paragraphElement.addEventListener('click', () => {
  paragraphElement.textContent = 'You clicked the paragraph!';
  paragraphElement.style.color = 'red';
});

Code language: JavaScript (javascript)

Conclusion

Web developers need to know how to manipulate the DOM in order to create dynamic, interactive websites. The cornerstones of efficient DOM manipulation include comprehending the structure of the DOM, accessing elements, altering content, attributes, and styles, and controlling events. Developers may fully utilize JavaScript and produce compelling user experiences on the web by grasping these ideas and experimenting with real-world examples. Coding is fun!

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Sandeep Bharti (Software Developer)

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